1 Samuel 2
Lutheran reading notes
In 1 Samuel chapter 2, the account continues the story of the transition of Israel from judges to monarchy. Lutheran interpretation frequently highlights how these events reveal both human sinfulness and God’s faithful promises. The chapter demonstrates the tension between human failure and God’s ongoing grace working through history.
1
And Hannah prayed, and said, My heart rejoiceth in the LORD, mine horn is exalted in the LORD: my mouth is enlarged over mine enemies; because I rejoice in thy salvation.
1 Samuel 2:1 highlights covenant history and god’s providence with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
2
{There is} none holy as the LORD: for {there is} none beside thee: neither {is there} any rock like our God.
1 Samuel 2:2 highlights covenant history and god’s providence with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
3
Talk no more so exceeding proudly; let {not} arrogancy come out of your mouth: for the LORD {is} a God of knowledge, and by him actions are weighed. {arrogancy: Heb. hard}
1 Samuel 2:3 highlights covenant history and god’s providence with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
4
The bows of the mighty men {are} broken, and they that stumbled are girded with strength.
1 Samuel 2:4 highlights covenant history and god’s providence with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
5
{They that were} full have hired out themselves for bread; and {they that were} hungry ceased: so that the barren hath born seven; and she that hath many children is waxed feeble.
1 Samuel 2:5 highlights covenant history and god’s providence with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
6
The LORD killeth, and maketh alive: he bringeth down to the grave, and bringeth up.
1 Samuel 2:6 highlights covenant history and god’s providence with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
7
The LORD maketh poor, and maketh rich: he bringeth low, and lifteth up.
1 Samuel 2:7 highlights covenant history and god’s providence with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
8
He raiseth up the poor out of the dust, {and} lifteth up the beggar from the dunghill, to set {them} among princes, and to make them inherit the throne of glory: for the pillars of the earth {are} the LORD'S, and he hath set the world upon them.
1 Samuel 2:8 highlights covenant history and god’s providence with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
9
He will keep the feet of his saints, and the wicked shall be silent in darkness; for by strength shall no man prevail.
1 Samuel 2:9 highlights covenant history and god’s providence with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
10
The adversaries of the LORD shall be broken to pieces; out of heaven shall he thunder upon them: the LORD shall judge the ends of the earth; and he shall give strength unto his king, and exalt the horn of his anointed.
1 Samuel 2:10 highlights covenant history and god’s providence with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
11
And Elkanah went to Ramah to his house. And the child did minister unto the LORD before Eli the priest.
1 Samuel 2:11 highlights covenant history and god’s providence with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
12
Now the sons of Eli {were} sons of Belial; they knew not the LORD.
1 Samuel 2:12 highlights covenant history and god’s providence with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
13
And the priests' custom with the people {was, that}, when any man offered sacrifice, the priest's servant came, while the flesh was in seething, with a fleshhook of three teeth in his hand;
1 Samuel 2:13 highlights covenant history and god’s providence with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
14
And he struck {it} into the pan, or kettle, or caldron, or pot; all that the fleshhook brought up the priest took for himself. So they did in Shiloh unto all the Israelites that came thither.
1 Samuel 2:14 highlights covenant history and god’s providence with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
15
Also before they burnt the fat, the priest's servant came, and said to the man that sacrificed, Give flesh to roast for the priest; for he will not have sodden flesh of thee, but raw.
1 Samuel 2:15 highlights covenant history and god’s providence with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
16
And {if} any man said unto him, Let them not fail to burn the fat presently, and {then} take {as much} as thy soul desireth; then he would answer him, {Nay}; but thou shalt give {it me} now: and if not, I will take {it} by force. {presently: Heb. as on the day}
1 Samuel 2:16 highlights covenant history and god’s providence with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
17
Wherefore the sin of the young men was very great before the LORD: for men abhorred the offering of the LORD.
1 Samuel 2:17 highlights covenant history and god’s providence with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
18
But Samuel ministered before the LORD, {being} a child, girded with a linen ephod.
19
Moreover his mother made him a little coat, and brought {it} to him from year to year, when she came up with her husband to offer the yearly sacrifice.
1 Samuel 2:19 highlights covenant history and god’s providence with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
20
And Eli blessed Elkanah and his wife, and said, The LORD give thee seed of this woman for the loan which is lent to the LORD. And they went unto their own home. {loan...: or, petition which she asked, etc}
1 Samuel 2:20 highlights covenant history and god’s providence with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
21
And the LORD visited Hannah, so that she conceived, and bare three sons and two daughters. And the child Samuel grew before the LORD.
1 Samuel 2:21 highlights covenant history and god’s providence with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
22
Now Eli was very old, and heard all that his sons did unto all Israel; and how they lay with the women that assembled {at} the door of the tabernacle of the congregation. {assembled: Heb. assembled by troops}
1 Samuel 2:22 highlights covenant history and god’s providence with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
23
And he said unto them, Why do ye such things? for I hear of your evil dealings by all this people. {of your...: or, evil words of you}
1 Samuel 2:23 highlights covenant history and god’s providence with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
24
Nay, my sons; for {it is} no good report that I hear: ye make the LORD'S people to transgress. {transgress: or, cry out}
1 Samuel 2:24 highlights covenant history and god’s providence with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
25
If one man sin against another, the judge shall judge him: but if a man sin against the LORD, who shall intreat for him? Notwithstanding they hearkened not unto the voice of their father, because the LORD would slay them.
1 Samuel 2:25 highlights covenant history and god’s providence with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
26
And the child Samuel grew on, and was in favour both with the LORD, and also with men.
1 Samuel 2:26 highlights covenant history and god’s providence with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
27
And there came a man of God unto Eli, and said unto him, Thus saith the LORD, Did I plainly appear unto the house of thy father, when they were in Egypt in Pharaoh's house?
1 Samuel 2:27 highlights covenant history and god’s providence with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
28
And did I choose him out of all the tribes of Israel {to be} my priest, to offer upon mine altar, to burn incense, to wear an ephod before me? and did I give unto the house of thy father all the offerings made by fire of the children of Israel?
1 Samuel 2:28 highlights covenant history and god’s providence with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
29
Wherefore kick ye at my sacrifice and at mine offering, which I have commanded {in my} habitation; and honourest thy sons above me, to make yourselves fat with the chiefest of all the offerings of Israel my people?
1 Samuel 2:29 highlights covenant history and god’s providence with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
30
Wherefore the LORD God of Israel saith, I said indeed {that} thy house, and the house of thy father, should walk before me for ever: but now the LORD saith, Be it far from me; for them that honour me I will honour, and they that despise me shall be lightly esteemed.
1 Samuel 2:30 highlights covenant history and god’s providence with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
31
Behold, the days come, that I will cut off thine arm, and the arm of thy father's house, that there shall not be an old man in thine house.
1 Samuel 2:31 highlights covenant history and god’s providence with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
32
And thou shalt see an enemy {in my} habitation, in all {the wealth} which {God} shall give Israel: and there shall not be an old man in thine house for ever. {an enemy...: or, the affliction of the tabernacle, for all the wealth which God would have given Israel}
1 Samuel 2:32 highlights covenant history and god’s providence with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
33
And the man of thine, {whom} I shall not cut off from mine altar, {shall be} to consume thine eyes, and to grieve thine heart: and all the increase of thine house shall die in the flower of their age. {in the flower...: Heb. men}
1 Samuel 2:33 highlights covenant history and god’s providence with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
34
And this {shall be} a sign unto thee, that shall come upon thy two sons, on Hophni and Phinehas; in one day they shall die both of them.
1 Samuel 2:34 highlights covenant history and god’s providence with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
35
And I will raise me up a faithful priest, {that} shall do according to {that} which {is} in mine heart and in my mind: and I will build him a sure house; and he shall walk before mine anointed for ever.
1 Samuel 2:35 highlights covenant history and god’s providence with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
36
And it shall come to pass, {that} every one that is left in thine house shall come {and} crouch to him for a piece of silver and a morsel of bread, and shall say, Put me, I pray thee, into one of the priests' offices, that I may eat a piece of bread. {Put: Heb. Join} {one of...: or, somewhat about the priesthood}
1 Samuel 2:36 highlights covenant history and god’s providence with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.