Exodus 22
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Lutheran reading notes
In Exodus chapter 22, the story continues to develop the theme of Israel’s deliverance from Egypt and the covenant at Sinai. Lutheran interpretation often highlights how the events reveal humanity’s need for God’s grace and the reliability of God's promises. The chapter illustrates both the reality of human weakness and the faithfulness of God who works through history.
1
If a man shall steal an ox, or a sheep, and kill it, or sell it; he shall restore five oxen for an ox, and four sheep for a sheep. {or a sheep: or, or a goat}
Exodus 22:1 highlights redemption, covenant, worship with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
2
If a thief be found breaking up, and be smitten that he die, {there shall} no blood {be shed} for him.
Exodus 22:2 highlights redemption, covenant, worship with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
3
If the sun be risen upon him, {there shall be} blood {shed} for him; {for} he should make full restitution; if he have nothing, then he shall be sold for his theft.
Exodus 22:3 highlights redemption, covenant, worship with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
4
If the theft be certainly found in his hand alive, whether it be ox, or ass, or sheep; he shall restore double.
Exodus 22:4 highlights redemption, covenant, worship with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
5
If a man shall cause a field or vineyard to be eaten, and shall put in his beast, and shall feed in another man's field; of the best of his own field, and of the best of his own vineyard, shall he make restitution.
Exodus 22:5 highlights redemption, covenant, worship with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
6
If fire break out, and catch in thorns, so that the stacks of corn, or the standing corn, or the field, be consumed {therewith}; he that kindled the fire shall surely make restitution.
Exodus 22:6 highlights redemption, covenant, worship with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
7
If a man shall deliver unto his neighbour money or stuff to keep, and it be stolen out of the man's house; if the thief be found, let him pay double.
Exodus 22:7 highlights redemption, covenant, worship with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
8
If the thief be not found, then the master of the house shall be brought unto the judges, {to see} whether he have put his hand unto his neighbour's goods.
Exodus 22:8 highlights redemption, covenant, worship with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
9
For all manner of trespass, {whether it be} for ox, for ass, for sheep, for raiment, {or} for any manner of lost thing, which {another} challengeth to be his, the cause of both parties shall come before the judges; {and} whom the judges shall condemn, he shall pay double unto his neighbour.
Exodus 22:9 highlights redemption, covenant, worship with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
10
If a man deliver unto his neighbour an ass, or an ox, or a sheep, or any beast, to keep; and it die, or be hurt, or driven away, no man seeing {it}:
Exodus 22:10 highlights redemption, covenant, worship with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
11
{Then} shall an oath of the LORD be between them both, that he hath not put his hand unto his neighbour's goods; and the owner of it shall accept {thereof}, and he shall not make {it} good.
Exodus 22:11 highlights redemption, covenant, worship with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
12
And if it be stolen from him, he shall make restitution unto the owner thereof.
Exodus 22:12 highlights redemption, covenant, worship with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
13
If it be torn in pieces, {then} let him bring it {for} witness, {and} he shall not make good that which was torn.
Exodus 22:13 highlights redemption, covenant, worship with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
14
And if a man borrow {ought} of his neighbour, and it be hurt, or die, the owner thereof {being} not with it, he shall surely make {it} good.
Exodus 22:14 highlights redemption, covenant, worship with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
15
{But} if the owner thereof {be} with it, he shall not make {it} good: if it {be} an hired {thing}, it came for his hire.
Exodus 22:15 highlights redemption, covenant, worship with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
16
And if a man entice a maid that is not betrothed, and lie with her, he shall surely endow her to be his wife.
Exodus 22:16 highlights redemption, covenant, worship with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
17
If her father utterly refuse to give her unto him, he shall pay money according to the dowry of virgins. {pay: Heb. weigh}
Exodus 22:17 highlights redemption, covenant, worship with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
18
Thou shalt not suffer a witch to live.
Exodus 22:18 highlights redemption, covenant, worship with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
19
Whosoever lieth with a beast shall surely be put to death.
Exodus 22:19 highlights redemption, covenant, worship with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
20
He that sacrificeth unto {any} god, save unto the LORD only, he shall be utterly destroyed.
Exodus 22:20 highlights redemption, covenant, worship with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
21
Thou shalt neither vex a stranger, nor oppress him: for ye were strangers in the land of Egypt.
Exodus 22:21 highlights redemption, covenant, worship with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
22
Ye shall not afflict any widow, or fatherless child.
Exodus 22:22 highlights redemption, covenant, worship with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
23
If thou afflict them in any wise, and they cry at all unto me, I will surely hear their cry;
Exodus 22:23 highlights redemption, covenant, worship with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
24
And my wrath shall wax hot, and I will kill you with the sword; and your wives shall be widows, and your children fatherless.
Exodus 22:24 highlights redemption, covenant, worship with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
25
If thou lend money to {any of} my people {that is} poor by thee, thou shalt not be to him as an usurer, neither shalt thou lay upon him usury.
Exodus 22:25 highlights redemption, covenant, worship with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
26
If thou at all take thy neighbour's raiment to pledge, thou shalt deliver it unto him by that the sun goeth down:
Exodus 22:26 highlights redemption, covenant, worship with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
27
For that {is} his covering only, it {is} his raiment for his skin: wherein shall he sleep? and it shall come to pass, when he crieth unto me, that I will hear; for I {am} gracious.
Exodus 22:27 highlights redemption, covenant, worship with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
28
Thou shalt not revile the gods, nor curse the ruler of thy people. {gods: or, judges}
Exodus 22:28 highlights redemption, covenant, worship with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
29
Thou shalt not delay {to offer} the first of thy ripe fruits, and of thy liquors: the firstborn of thy sons shalt thou give unto me. {the first...: Heb. thy fulness} {liquors: Heb. tear}
Exodus 22:29 highlights redemption, covenant, worship with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
30
Likewise shalt thou do with thine oxen, {and} with thy sheep: seven days it shall be with his dam; on the eighth day thou shalt give it me.
Exodus 22:30 highlights redemption, covenant, worship with emphasis on law, gospel, grace, and faith.
31
And ye shall be holy men unto me: neither shall ye eat {any} flesh {that is} torn of beasts in the field; ye shall cast it to the dogs.